"neden" meaning in Middle English

See neden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈneːdən/, /ˈnyːdən/ [Southern]
Etymology: Inherited from Old English nīedan, ġenīedan, from Proto-West Germanic *naudijan, from Proto-Germanic *naudijaną; by surface analysis, nede (“compulsion”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{ety|enm|:inh|ang:nīedan|id=to force}} [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*neh₂w-", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*naudiz", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" }, { "id" : "denominative", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-janą", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*naudijaną", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*naudijan", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "nīedan", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "neden", "lang" : "enm" }" data-id="to force" data-lang="enm" data-title="neden" id="Middle_English:_to_force">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|nīedan|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English nīedan, {{inh+|enm|ang|nīedan}} Inherited from Old English nīedan, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*naudijan}} Proto-West Germanic *naudijan, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*naudijaną}} Proto-Germanic *naudijaną, {{surf|enm|nede<id:need><t:compulsion>|-en<id:infinitival><pos:infinitival suffix>|nocap=1}} by surface analysis, nede (“compulsion”) + -en (infinitival suffix), {{ety|enm|:inh|ang:nīedan|id=to force}} Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} neden, {{enm-verb|stem=ned}} neden (third-person singular simple present nedeth, present participle nedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle neded) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|ned}} Forms: nedeth [present, singular, third-person], nedynge [participle, present], neded [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], weak [table-tags], neden [infinitive], to neden [infinitive], nede [infinitive], nede [first-person, present, singular], neded [first-person, past, singular], nedede [first-person, past, singular], nedest [present, second-person, singular], nededest [past, second-person, singular], nedeth [present, singular, third-person], neded [past, singular, third-person], nedede [past, singular, third-person], nede [present, singular, subjunctive], neded [past, singular, subjunctive], nedede [past, singular, subjunctive], nede [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], neden [plural, present], nede [plural, present], nededen [past, plural], neded [past, plural], nedede [past, plural], nedeth [imperative, plural, present], nede [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], nedynge [participle, present], nedende [participle, present], neded [participle, past], yneded [participle, past], nede [alternative], nuyde [alternative, Southern], nedenn [alternative, Ormulum]
  1. (transitive) To force or require; to impose necessity. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-neden-enm-verb-fbgwKpXm Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 11 12 11 16 18 20 13 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 13 13 13 18 17 12 13 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 15 15 15 14 14 14 14
  2. (transitive) To compel; to impose pressure. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-neden-enm-verb-xdU5tT3o Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 11 12 11 16 18 20 13 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 13 13 13 18 17 12 13 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 15 15 15 14 14 14 14
  3. (transitive) To harass or trouble; to impose difficulty. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-neden-enm-verb-1prluw~P Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 11 12 11 16 18 20 13 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 13 13 13 18 17 12 13 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 15 15 15 14 14 14 14
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ˈneːdən/, /ˈnøːdən/ (note: West Midland)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English nēodian, ġenēodian; by surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{ety|enm|:inh|ang:nēodian|id=to require}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "nēod", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suf", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "collective nouns", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂", "lang" : "ine-pro", "pos" : "suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-éh₂", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "intransitive verbs", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-eh₂yéti", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "id" : "factitive verb", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-h₂ti", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Germanic", "term" : "*-ōną", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "gem-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*-ōn", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-West Germanic", "term" : "*-ōjan", "lang" : "gmw-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "-ian", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Old English", "term" : "nēodian", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ang" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "neden", "lang" : "enm" }" data-id="to require" data-lang="enm" data-title="neden" id="Middle_English:_to_require">, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|nēodian|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English nēodian, {{inh+|enm|ang|nēodian}} Inherited from Old English nēodian, {{surf|enm|nede<id:need><t:need>|-en<id:infinitival><pos:infinitival suffix>|nocap=1}} by surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -en (infinitival suffix), {{ety|enm|:inh|ang:nēodian|id=to require}} Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} neden, {{enm-verb|stem=ned}} neden (third-person singular simple present nedeth, present participle nedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle neded) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|ned}} Forms: nedeth [present, singular, third-person], nedynge [participle, present], neded [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], weak [table-tags], neden [infinitive], to neden [infinitive], nede [infinitive], nede [first-person, present, singular], neded [first-person, past, singular], nedede [first-person, past, singular], nedest [present, second-person, singular], nededest [past, second-person, singular], nedeth [present, singular, third-person], neded [past, singular, third-person], nedede [past, singular, third-person], nede [present, singular, subjunctive], neded [past, singular, subjunctive], nedede [past, singular, subjunctive], nede [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], neden [plural, present], nede [plural, present], nededen [past, plural], neded [past, plural], nedede [past, plural], nedeth [imperative, plural, present], nede [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], nedynge [participle, present], nedende [participle, present], neded [participle, past], yneded [participle, past], nede [alternative], needen [alternative], neid [alternative], neyd [alternative], nedenn [alternative, Ormulum]
  1. (ambitransitive) To need or require; to have as a requirement: [with direct object or of] Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-neden-enm-verb-VBWDwhah Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 11 12 11 16 18 20 13 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 13 13 13 18 17 12 13 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 15 15 15 14 14 14 14
  2. (ambitransitive) To need or require; to have as a requirement: [with direct object or of]
    (catenative) To be obligated or required (to do).
    Tags: ambitransitive, catenative
    Sense id: en-neden-enm-verb-ZEHlCk4J Categories (other): Middle English entries with etymon, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Middle English entries with etymon: 13 14 13 13 20 14 13 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 11 12 11 16 18 20 13 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 12 13 12 11 22 15 14 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 13 13 13 18 17 12 13 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 15 15 15 14 14 14 14
  3. (intransitive or impersonal) To be necessary or required; to be a requirement. Tags: impersonal, intransitive
    Sense id: en-neden-enm-verb-nj4KTj1s Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 11 12 11 16 18 20 13 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 13 13 13 18 17 12 13 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 15 15 15 14 14 14 14
  4. (intransitive) To be poor or indigent; to experience poverty. Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-neden-enm-verb-r7smWV~8 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with etymon, Wealth Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 11 12 11 16 18 20 13 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 13 13 13 18 17 12 13 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 Disambiguation of Wealth: 10 8 10 17 15 17 24
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "nīedan",
      "niedan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ġenīedan",
      "geniedan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*naudijan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naudijan"
    ],
    [
      "*naudijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudijaną"
    ],
    [
      "nede",
      "nede#Middle_English:_need"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:nīedan",
        "id": "to force"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*neh₂w-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudijan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nīedan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"neden\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"to force\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"neden\" id=\"Middle_English:_to_force\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nīedan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English nīedan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nīedan"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English nīedan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*naudijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *naudijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*naudijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *naudijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nede<id:need><t:compulsion>",
        "3": "-en<id:infinitival><pos:infinitival suffix>",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, nede (“compulsion”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:nīedan",
        "id": "to force"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English nīedan, ġenīedan, from Proto-West Germanic *naudijan, from Proto-Germanic *naudijaną; by surface analysis, nede (“compulsion”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nededest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nededen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yneded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nuyde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "neden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "ned"
      },
      "expansion": "neden (third-person singular simple present nedeth, present participle nedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle neded)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ned"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 11 16 18 20 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 18 17 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To force or require; to impose necessity."
      ],
      "id": "en-neden-enm-verb-fbgwKpXm",
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "require",
          "require"
        ],
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ],
        [
          "necessity",
          "necessity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To force or require; to impose necessity."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 11 16 18 20 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 18 17 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To compel; to impose pressure."
      ],
      "id": "en-neden-enm-verb-xdU5tT3o",
      "links": [
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ],
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ],
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To compel; to impose pressure."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 11 16 18 20 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 18 17 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To harass or trouble; to impose difficulty."
      ],
      "id": "en-neden-enm-verb-1prluw~P",
      "links": [
        [
          "harass",
          "harass"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ],
        [
          "difficulty",
          "difficulty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To harass or trouble; to impose difficulty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈneːdən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnyːdən/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "neden"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "need"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "need"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "neid"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "tags": [
        "preterite"
      ],
      "word": "needeth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "nēodian",
      "neodian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ġenēodian",
      "geneodian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "nede",
      "nede#Middle_English:_need"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:nēodian",
        "id": "to require"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nēod\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"factitive verb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōn\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōjan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nēodian\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"neden\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"to require\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"neden\" id=\"Middle_English:_to_require\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nēodian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English nēodian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nēodian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English nēodian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nede<id:need><t:need>",
        "3": "-en<id:infinitival><pos:infinitival suffix>",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:nēodian",
        "id": "to require"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English nēodian, ġenēodian; by surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nededest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nededen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yneded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "needen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neid",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neyd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "neden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "ned"
      },
      "expansion": "neden (third-person singular simple present nedeth, present participle nedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle neded)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ned"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 11 16 18 20 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 18 17 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To need or require; to have as a requirement"
      ],
      "id": "en-neden-enm-verb-VBWDwhah",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "dirobj/:of"
          },
          "expansion": "[with direct object or of]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "direct-object"
            ],
            "words": [
              "of"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "require",
          "require"
        ],
        [
          "requirement",
          "requirement"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To need or require; to have as a requirement: [with direct object or of]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 14 13 13 20 14 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 11 16 18 20 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 13 12 11 22 15 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 18 17 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To need or require; to have as a requirement:",
        "To be obligated or required (to do)."
      ],
      "id": "en-neden-enm-verb-ZEHlCk4J",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "dirobj/:of"
          },
          "expansion": "[with direct object or of]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "direct-object"
            ],
            "words": [
              "of"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "require",
          "require"
        ],
        [
          "requirement",
          "requirement"
        ],
        [
          "obligated",
          "obligated"
        ],
        [
          "required",
          "required"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To need or require; to have as a requirement: [with direct object or of]",
        "(catenative) To be obligated or required (to do)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "catenative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 11 16 18 20 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 18 17 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be necessary or required; to be a requirement."
      ],
      "id": "en-neden-enm-verb-nj4KTj1s",
      "links": [
        [
          "necessary",
          "necessary"
        ],
        [
          "required",
          "required"
        ],
        [
          "requirement",
          "requirement"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive or impersonal) To be necessary or required; to be a requirement."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 11 16 18 20 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 13 13 18 17 12 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 15 15 14 14 14 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 8 10 17 15 17 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Wealth",
          "orig": "enm:Wealth",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be poor or indigent; to experience poverty."
      ],
      "id": "en-neden-enm-verb-r7smWV~8",
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "indigent",
          "indigent"
        ],
        [
          "experience",
          "experience"
        ],
        [
          "poverty",
          "poverty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To be poor or indigent; to experience poverty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈneːdən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnøːdən/",
      "note": "West Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "neden"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with etymon",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English palindromes",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *neh₂w-",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "enm:Wealth"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "nīedan",
      "niedan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ġenīedan",
      "geniedan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*naudijan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/naudijan"
    ],
    [
      "*naudijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudijaną"
    ],
    [
      "nede",
      "nede#Middle_English:_need"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:nīedan",
        "id": "to force"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*neh₂w-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudiz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*naudijan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nīedan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"neden\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"to force\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"neden\" id=\"Middle_English:_to_force\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nīedan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English nīedan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nīedan"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English nīedan",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*naudijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *naudijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*naudijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *naudijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nede<id:need><t:compulsion>",
        "3": "-en<id:infinitival><pos:infinitival suffix>",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, nede (“compulsion”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:nīedan",
        "id": "to force"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English nīedan, ġenīedan, from Proto-West Germanic *naudijan, from Proto-Germanic *naudijaną; by surface analysis, nede (“compulsion”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nededest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nededen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yneded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nuyde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Southern"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "neden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "ned"
      },
      "expansion": "neden (third-person singular simple present nedeth, present participle nedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle neded)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ned"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To force or require; to impose necessity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "require",
          "require"
        ],
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ],
        [
          "necessity",
          "necessity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To force or require; to impose necessity."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To compel; to impose pressure."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ],
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ],
        [
          "pressure",
          "pressure"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To compel; to impose pressure."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To harass or trouble; to impose difficulty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harass",
          "harass"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "impose",
          "impose"
        ],
        [
          "difficulty",
          "difficulty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To harass or trouble; to impose difficulty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈneːdən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnyːdən/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "neden"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with etymon",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English palindromes",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "enm:Wealth"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "need"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "need"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "neid"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Yola",
      "lang_code": "yol",
      "tags": [
        "preterite"
      ],
      "word": "needeth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "nēodian",
      "neodian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "ġenēodian",
      "geneodian#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "nede",
      "nede#Middle_English:_need"
    ],
    [
      "-en",
      "-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:nēodian",
        "id": "to require"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nēod\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"factitive verb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōn\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ōjan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-ian\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"nēodian\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"neden\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-id=\"to require\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"neden\" id=\"Middle_English:_to_require\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nēodian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English nēodian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "nēodian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English nēodian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nede<id:need><t:need>",
        "3": "-en<id:infinitival><pos:infinitival suffix>",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ang:nēodian",
        "id": "to require"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English nēodian, ġenēodian; by surface analysis, nede (“need”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nededest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nededen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "yneded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nede",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "needen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neid",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neyd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nedenn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Ormulum"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "neden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "ned"
      },
      "expansion": "neden (third-person singular simple present nedeth, present participle nedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle neded)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ned"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To need or require; to have as a requirement"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "dirobj/:of"
          },
          "expansion": "[with direct object or of]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "direct-object"
            ],
            "words": [
              "of"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "require",
          "require"
        ],
        [
          "requirement",
          "requirement"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To need or require; to have as a requirement: [with direct object or of]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To need or require; to have as a requirement:",
        "To be obligated or required (to do)."
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "dirobj/:of"
          },
          "expansion": "[with direct object or of]",
          "extra_data": {
            "tags": [
              "direct-object"
            ],
            "words": [
              "of"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "need",
          "need"
        ],
        [
          "require",
          "require"
        ],
        [
          "requirement",
          "requirement"
        ],
        [
          "obligated",
          "obligated"
        ],
        [
          "required",
          "required"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To need or require; to have as a requirement: [with direct object or of]",
        "(catenative) To be obligated or required (to do)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "catenative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English impersonal verbs",
        "Middle English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be necessary or required; to be a requirement."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "necessary",
          "necessary"
        ],
        [
          "required",
          "required"
        ],
        [
          "requirement",
          "requirement"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive or impersonal) To be necessary or required; to be a requirement."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To be poor or indigent; to experience poverty."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poor",
          "poor"
        ],
        [
          "indigent",
          "indigent"
        ],
        [
          "experience",
          "experience"
        ],
        [
          "poverty",
          "poverty"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To be poor or indigent; to experience poverty."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈneːdən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈnøːdən/",
      "note": "West Midland"
    }
  ],
  "word": "neden"
}

Download raw JSONL data for neden meaning in Middle English (18.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.